What does Active Air Defense (AD) specifically entail?

Active Air Defense specifically focuses on direct actions taken to neutralize hostile air threats, such as enemy aircraft, missiles, or drones. This can include a variety of measures, such as the deployment of anti-aircraft systems, fighter aircraft interception, and electronic countermeasures aimed at disrupting or destroying these threats before they reach their intended targets. The primary objective of Active Air Defense is to protect friendly forces and assets from aerial attacks, ensuring air superiority and maintaining operational effectiveness in the theater of operations.

Other choices do not accurately reflect the essence of Active Air Defense. Preventive measures against espionage do not relate to the defense against air threats; instead, they pertain to information security. A passive defense strategy using camouflage does not involve proactive engagement or neutralization of threats; it focuses on concealment instead of active defense. Finally, the coordination of joint forces for land operations emphasizes ground-based tactics rather than addressing aerial threats, which is the core focus of Active Air Defense.